$a="a quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
$s=strtoupper($a);//uppercase conversion
echo "$s";
echo (strtolower($s));//lowercase conversion

echo (ucfirst($a));//1st letter of the sentence'll be capital

echo (ucwords($a));1st letter of the word'll be capital

$str=" ";
echo (!isset($str) || trim($str)=="")?"Empty":"Not Emty";//checking a string is empty or not

$str1="0";
echo (empty($str1))? "Empty" : "Not Empty";
//checking a string is empty or not using empty function

$str2="tera mera rishta";
$sub=substr($str2, 6);
echo $sub;

$sub1=substr($str2, -5);
echo $sub1;

$sub=strrev($str2);
echo $sub;

$sub=str_repeat($str2, 3);
echo $sub;

$sub="&";
$sub1=str_repeat($sub." ", 15);
echo $sub1;

function turncateString($str, $maxChar=40, $holder=".....")
{ // BEGIN function turncateString
if (strlen($str)> $maxChar) {
return trim(substr($str, 0 , $maxChar)).$holder;
}
else {
return $str;
}
}
// END function turncateString
$str="Jao pakhi bolo tare se jeno volena more buker vetor nona betha";
echo turncateString($str);

echo turncateString($str,20, ">>>>>");


$a="
";
echo ord($a);

$a=65;
echo chr($a);


for ($a=97; $a$u) {
echo $k.":".$u.";

}//for parsing url
echo (str_word_count($b));


$strng="guessme";
echo md5($strng);//encryption using md5()
echo sha1($string);//encryption using sha1()
$salt="rosebaud";

$pass=crypt($string, $salt);
echo $pass;


বি:দ্র: //কমেন্ট, এবং /**/কমেন্ট উইথ মাল্টিপল লাইন